Global Journal of Digestive Diseases

Description

From November 2017 to December 2018, a descriptive, observational, prospective, cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out at Omdurman Teaching Hospital. Using a standardized questionnaire, data were gathered and analyzed with SPSS version 20. The patient's preferences dictated the treatment options. For continuous data, the t-test with two independent samples compares the means of the groups. The proportion test was used to compare the two groups because the responses to the questions were Yes/No and coded as 1/0 binary data. The study included sixty patients who met the requirements for inclusion. The majority of patients (53.3%) were male, and the youngest age group (48.3%) was between 16 and 56 years old, with a mean age of 32.2 9.3 SD. Pain and swelling were present in nearly every patient. Ninety percent of patients had swelling less than 5 cm.

The majority of patients experience complications as a result of the surgery. The majority experience post-operative pain (36.7%), and bleeding was more common after the procedure than GTN (28.33%) on day one (P value 0.015) and 18% on the first week (P value 0.001). Infection was only discovered after the procedure because patients required antibiotics and dressings (P value 0.038). Very few patients experience late recurrence (6.7%), mostly in the second and third month of follow-up there was less pain and bleeding with GTN use, but 8.33% of patients experienced dizziness on day one. Overall, GTN users had higher rates of no complications throughout the entire three-month follow-up period (P value 0.010).

In the second year, the Pediatric surgical team began actively implementing improved recovery strategies in the management of pediatric surgical cases, including this kind of surgery. Pre-anesthesia screening in an outpatient setting (pre-anesthesia clinic), surgery on the same day, prophylactic intravenous antibiotics on call, and discharge on the same day after complete recovery and clinical evidence of tolerable post-operative pain with simple analgesics are all examples of this. All patients were discharged with a transparent film dressing, a urethral stent in place, and simple analgesics and oral antibiotics were prescribed for a week.

Supportive Intra-Abdominal Visceral Diseases

Opioids were not used in any of the cases. The reason for such an early discharge was discussed, and caregivers were given detailed instructions on how to handle their child at home, what to look out for, when to seek emergency care, and how to take off their clothes on day three. In the outpatient clinic, the urethral stent will be removed around day 7, oral antibiotics will be stopped, and only simple analgesics will be used as needed. Acute general surgery and outpatient care are common settings for benign perianal conditions. Not only are accurate diagnoses and treatment essential for preventing patient morbidity, but they are also essential for distinguishing these conditions from cancer. The presentation and current treatment of perianal abscess, ano fistula, haemorrhoids, fissure, and pilonidal sinus are outlined in this article. Anastomotic dehiscence and a variety of other perforating or supportive intra-abdominal visceral diseases are the most common causes of intra-abdominal abscesses, which are a common surgical problem. For the planning of treatment and the eradication of sepsis, early diagnosis and recognition of associated pathology based on clinical assessment and appropriate investigation, including precise cross-sectional imaging and interpretation, are essential. The gold standard is safe image-guided percutaneous drainage with appropriate antibiotic administration. Surgical intervention is typically required for delayed definitive treatment after sepsis resolution, after unsuccessful conservative treatment, or in an emergency situation for an acutely ill patient. This article goes into greater detail about the specific factors to take into account when diagnosing and treating the more prevalent pelvic and intra-abdominal abscesses, particularly diverticular abscesses. The colorectal and pelvic floor clinics see a lot of patients with rectal prolapse and faecal incontinence. Due to their multifactorial nature and tendency to manifest in elderly comorbid patients, both can be challenging to treat. Particularly for faecal incontinence, treatment often requires significant patient or family participation, so patients and their families must be aware of the risks and benefits of all treatment options. In order to enable the surgical trainee to begin these conversations in the clinic, this article provides an overview of the current surgical interventions for rectal prolapse and faecal incontinence. In Thai traditional medicine, Maclura cochinchinensis Corner (MC) heartwood extracts have been used to treat gout, hyperuricemia, and inflammation. Even though they are commonly used, no one is sure how they work. Using both in vitro and in vivo models, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the mechanisms underlying the activity of MC heartwood extract.

Concentrations of Biochemical Compounds

In order to obtain the highest concentrations of biochemical compounds and antioxidant activities, the extraction procedures were optimized. The in vitro effects of MC heartwood extract on xanthine oxidase and its enzyme kinetics were examined in potassium oxonate (PO)-induced hyperuricemia mice, and the antihyperuricemic effect was assessed. RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells were used to test the anti-inflammatory effect of MC heartwood extract against lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory mRNA upregulation. With 70% ethanol, soxhlet extraction of MC heartwood produced more total phenolic and flavonoid content and stronger antioxidant activity than maceration or decoction. We discovered through HPLC that Morin is a major component of MC, which may explain its pharmacological effects. In addition, PO-induced hyperuricemia mice had significantly lower uric acid levels when given 500 mg/kg of MC heartwood extract.  Ex vivo, MC heartwood extract reduced xanthine oxidase's hepatic activity by approximately 53%. In addition, the inhibition of inflammatory mediators (TNF-, TGF-, iNOS, and COX-2) mRNA expression by MC heartwood extract was comparable to that of dexamethasone. As a natural remedy for gout-related hyperuricemia and inflammation, MC heartwood extract is a promising option.